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                <h2 id="Junit单元测试"><a href="#Junit单元测试" class="headerlink" title="Junit单元测试"></a>Junit单元测试</h2><p>测试分类：<br>    1. 黑盒测试：不需要写代码，给输入值，看程序是否能够输出期望的值</p>
<pre><code>2. 白盒测试：需要写代码，关注程序具体的执行流程
</code></pre>
<span id="more"></span>
<p>junit使用：白盒测试<br>    步骤：<br>    1.定义一个测试类（测试用例）<br>        建议：<br>        测试类名：被测试的类名XXXXTest<br>        包名：XXX.XXX.XX.test<br>    2. 定义测试方法：可以独立运行<br>        建议：<br>        方法名：test测试的方法名 testAdd()<br>        返回值: void<br>        参数列表: 空参<br>    3. 给方法加@Test<br>    4. 导入junit依赖环境</p>
<pre><code>判定结果: 红色失败,绿色成功
一般使用断言操作来处理结果

补充:
    @Before
        修饰的方法会在测试方法之前自动被执行
    @After
        修饰的方法会在测试方法之后自动被执行
    
    
</code></pre>
<p>public class CalculatorTest {<br>    &#x2F;*<br>        初始化方法<br>        用于资源申请,所有测试方法在执行之前都会先执行该方法<br>     <em>&#x2F;<br>    @Before<br>    public void init(){<br>        System.out.println(“init…”);<br>    }<br>    &#x2F;</em><br>        释放资源方法<br>        在所有测试方法执行完后,都会自动执行该方法<br>     <em>&#x2F;<br>    @After<br>    public void close(){<br>        System.out.println(“close”);<br>    }<br>    &#x2F;</em><br>        测试add方法<br>     *&#x2F;<br>    @Test<br>    public void testAdd(){<br>        Calcaulator c &#x3D; new Calcaulator();<br>        int result &#x3D; c.add(1,2);<br>&#x2F;&#x2F;		System.out.println(result);</p>
<pre><code>    //看的是颜色而不是输出结果
    //所以一般不会输出,而是断言
    Assert.assertEquals(3,result);
&#125;
@Test
public void testSub()&#123;
    Calcaulator c = new Calcaulator();
    int result = c.sub(1,2);
    Assert.assertEquals(-1,result);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id=""><a href="#" class="headerlink" title="}"></a>}</h2><h2 id="反射-框架设计的灵魂"><a href="#反射-框架设计的灵魂" class="headerlink" title="反射: 框架设计的灵魂"></a>反射: 框架设计的灵魂</h2><p>框架: 半成品软件,可以在框架的基础上进行软件开发,简化编码<br>反射: 将类的各个组成部分封装为其他对象,这就是反射机制<br>    好处:<br>    1. 可以在程序运行过程中,操作这些对象<br>    2. 可以解耦,提高程序的可扩展性</p>
<p>Java代码在计算机中经历三个阶段<br>Source源代码阶段 .class字节码文件<br>Class类对象阶段 把类的各个组成部分封装成Class类对象<br>Runtime运行时阶段 new </p>
<p>获取Class对象的方式:</p>
<ol>
<li>Class.forName(“全类名”): 将字节码文件加载进内存,返回Class对象<br> 多用于配置文件,将类名定义在配置文件中.读取文件,加载类</li>
<li>类名.class: 通过类名的属性class来获取<br> 多用于参数的传递</li>
<li>对象.getClass(): getClass()方法在Object对象中<br> 多用于对象的获取字节码方式</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<p>public class ReflectDemo01 {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;1. Class.forName(“全类名”)<br>        Class cls1 &#x3D; Class.forName(“Note.Person”);<br>        System.out.println(cls1);&#x2F;&#x2F;class Note.Person</p>
<pre><code>    //2. 类名.class
    Class cls2 = Person.class;
    System.out.println(cls2);

    //3. 对象.getClass()
    Person p = new Person();
    Class cls3 = p.getClass();
    System.out.println(cls3);

    //== 比较三个对象, 说明是同一个对象
    System.out.println(cls1 == cls2);//true
    System.out.println(cls3 == cls2);//true
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<p>结论:<br>    同一个字节码文件(*.class)在一次程序运行过程中,只会被加载一次,不论通过哪一种方式获取的Class对象都是同一个</p>
<p>使用Class对象<br>Class对象功能:<br>    获取功能:<br>    1. 获取成员变量们<br>        Field[] getFields(): 只能获取所有public修饰的成员变量<br>        Field getField(String name) 获取指定名称的成员变量</p>
<pre><code>    Field[] getDeclaredFields(): 获取所有的成员变量,不考虑修饰符
    Field getDeclaredField(String name)
    
    Field:成员变量
    操作: 1. 设置值 set 2. 获取值 get 3. 忽略访问权限修饰符的安全检查 setAccessible(true): 暴力反射
    public class ReflectDemo02 &#123;
//1. 获取Person的Class对象
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception &#123;
    Class personClass = Person.class;
    //获取成员变量
    //1. Field[] getFields()
    Field[] fields = personClass.getFields();
    for (Field field : fields) &#123;
        System.out.println(field);
    &#125;
    //2. Field getField(String name) 获取指定名称的成员变量
    Field a = personClass.getField(&quot;a&quot;);

    Person p = new Person();
    //设置成员变量的值
    a.set(p,&quot;RNG&quot;);

    //获取成员变量的值
    Object value = a.get(p);
    System.out.println(value);//RNG

    //3. Field[] getDeclaredFields(): 获取所有的成员变量,不考虑修饰符
    Field[] declaredFields = personClass.getDeclaredFields();
    for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) &#123;
        System.out.println(declaredField);
    &#125;
    //4. Field getDeclaredField(String name)
    Field d = personClass.getDeclaredField(&quot;age&quot;);
    //忽略访问权限修饰符的安全检查
    d.setAccessible(true);//暴力反射
    
    Object ageValue = d.get(p);
    System.out.println(ageValue);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="-1"><a href="#-1" class="headerlink" title="}"></a>}</h2><pre><code>2. 获取构造方法们
    Constructor&lt;?&gt;[] getConstructors()
    Constructor&lt;T&gt; getConstructor(类&lt;?&gt;... parameterTypes)
    
    Constructor&lt;?&gt;[] getDeclaredConstructors()
    Constructor&lt;T&gt; getDeclaredConstructor(类&lt;?&gt;... parameterTypes)
    
    构造方法: 创建对象 newInstance(Object... initargs)
    如果使用空参数构造方法创建对象,操作可以简化:Class对象的newinstance方法
    
    //获取构造方法
</code></pre>
<p>public class ReflectDemo03 {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {<br>        Class personClass &#x3D; Person.class;<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;Constructor<T> getConstructor(类&lt;?&gt;… parameterTypes)<br>        Constructor constructor1 &#x3D; personClass.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);<br>        System.out.println(constructor1);<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;创建对象<br>        Object person1 &#x3D; constructor1.newInstance(“张三”,23);<br>        System.out.println(person1);</p>
<pre><code>    System.out.println(&quot;-----------------------&quot;);
    //空参
    Constructor constructor2 = personClass.getConstructor();
    System.out.println(constructor2);
    Object person2 = constructor2.newInstance();
    System.out.println(person2);

    //空参简化
    Object o = personClass.newInstance();
    System.out.println(o);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="-2"><a href="#-2" class="headerlink" title="}"></a>}</h2><pre><code>3. 获取成员方法们
    Method[] getMethods()
    Method getMethod(String name, 类&lt;?&gt;... parameterTypes)
    
    Method[] getDeclaredMethods()
    Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, 类&lt;?&gt;... parameterTypes)
    
    Method:方法对象
    执行方法: Object invoke(Object obj,Object... args)
    获取方法名称: String getName 
    
    //获取成员方法
</code></pre>
<p>public class ReflectDemo04 {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {<br>        Class personClass &#x3D; Person.class;<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;获取指定名称方法,无参<br>        Method eatMethod &#x3D; personClass.getMethod(“eat”);<br>        Person p &#x3D; new Person();<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;执行方法<br>        eatMethod.invoke(p);</p>
<pre><code>    //获取指定名称方法,有参
    Method eatMethod2 = personClass.getMethod(&quot;eat&quot;,String.class);
    //执行方法
    eatMethod2.invoke(p,&quot;饭&quot;);

    System.out.println(&quot;---------------------------&quot;);

    //获取所有public修饰的方法
    Method[] methods = personClass.getMethods();
    for (Method method : methods) &#123;
        System.out.println(method);//还包括了Object里的方法
        String name = method.getName();
        System.out.println(name);//方法名
    &#125;

    //获取类名
    String className = personClass.getName();
    System.out.println(className);//全类名 Note.Person
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="-3"><a href="#-3" class="headerlink" title="}}"></a>}<br>}</h2><pre><code>4. 获取类名
    String getName()
    
    
    
</code></pre>
<h2 id="反射案例"><a href="#反射案例" class="headerlink" title="反射案例"></a>反射案例</h2><p>写一个框架,可以帮助我们创建任意类的对象,并且执行其中任意方法<br>创建一个配置文件</p>
<p>className&#x3D;Note.Person<br>methodName&#x3D;eat</p>
<h2 id="不改动任何代码的前提下-只要改动配置文件-达到目的"><a href="#不改动任何代码的前提下-只要改动配置文件-达到目的" class="headerlink" title="不改动任何代码的前提下,只要改动配置文件,达到目的"></a>不改动任何代码的前提下,只要改动配置文件,达到目的</h2><p>&#x2F;*<br>    框架类<br> <em>&#x2F;<br>public class ReflectTest {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {<br>        &#x2F;&#x2F;可以使用任意类对象,任意方法<br>        &#x2F;</em><br>            前提: 不能改变该类的任何代码,传统方法没有意义<br>         *&#x2F;<br>&#x2F;&#x2F;		Person p &#x3D; new Person();<br>&#x2F;&#x2F;		p.eat();</p>
<pre><code>    /*
        写一个框架,在不改变该类任何代码的前提下,帮助我们创建任意对象使用任意方法
        实现:
        1. 配置文件
        2. 反射
        步骤:
        1. 将需要创建的对象的全类名和需要执行的方法定义在配置文件中
        2. 在程序中加载读取配置文件
        3. 使用反射技术来加载类文件进内存
        4. 创建对象
        5. 执行方法
     */

    //1. 加载配置文件
    //创建Properties对象
    Properties pro = new Properties();
    //加载配置文件,转换为一个集合
    ClassLoader classLoader = ReflectTest.class.getClassLoader();
    InputStream is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(&quot;pro.properties&quot;);
    pro.load(is);

    //2. 获取配置文件中定义的数据
    String className = pro.getProperty(&quot;className&quot;);
    String methodName = pro.getProperty(&quot;methodName&quot;);

    //3. 加载该类进内存
    Class cls = Class.forName(className);
    //4. 创建对象
    Object obj = cls.newInstance();
    //5. 获取方法对象
    Method method = cls.getMethod(methodName);
    //执行方法
    method.invoke(obj);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="注解"><a href="#注解" class="headerlink" title="注解:"></a>注解:</h2><p>注释: 用文字描述程序,方便阅读.给程序员看的<br>注解: 也是用来说明程序,给计算机看的</p>
<p>作用分类:<br>编写文档: 通过代码里表示的注解生成文档(api里doc文档)<br>代码分析: 通过注解对代码进行分析<br>编译检查: 通过代码里表示的注解让编译器能够实现基本的编译检查</p>
<p>JDK中预定义的一些注解<br>@Override: 检测被该注解标注的方法是否是继承自父类<br>@Deprecated: 该注解标注的内容表示已过时,再调用此方法时会有横线划掉<br>@SuppressWarnings: 压制警告,一般传递all SuppressWarnings(“all”)</p>
<h2 id="自定义注解"><a href="#自定义注解" class="headerlink" title="自定义注解"></a>自定义注解</h2><p>格式:<br>    元注解<br>    public @interface 注解名称{<br>        属性列表;<br>    }</p>
<p>本质: 注解本质上就是一个接口,该接口默认继承Annotation接口<br>    public interface MyAnno extends java.lang.annotation.Annotation{}</p>
<p>属性: 接口中可以定义的成员方法<br>    要求:<br>        1. 属性的返回值类型<br>            基本数据类型<br>            String<br>            枚举 enum<br>            注解<br>            以上类型数组<br>        2. 定义了属性,在使用是需要给属性赋值<br>            定义属性时可以使用default关键字默认初始值<br>            如果只要一个属性需要赋值,且名称是value,则value可以省略<br>            数组赋值时,值使用{}包裹,如果数组只有一个值,则{}可以省略</p>
<p>public @interface MyAnno {<br>    int weight();<br>    String country() default “CN”;<br>}</p>
<hr>
<p>@MyAnno(weight &#x3D; 120,country &#x3D; “CN”)<br>public class Person(){}</p>
<p>元注解: 用于描述注解的注解<br>    @Target: 描述注解能够作用的位置<br>        ElementType取值:<br>        TYPE: 可以作用在类上<br>        METHOD: 可以作用于方法上<br>        FIELD: 可以作用于成员变量上</p>
<pre><code>@Retention: 描述注解被保留的阶段
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME): 作用阶段,一班自定义用RUNTIME
@Documented: 描述注解是否被抽取到api文档中
@Inherited: 描述注解是否被子类继承,比如Worker类家里MyAnno注解,如果MyAnno有@Inherited,Teacher继承了Worker后,自动有MyAnno注解
</code></pre>
<h2 id="在程序中解析-使用-注解"><a href="#在程序中解析-使用-注解" class="headerlink" title="在程序中解析(使用)注解"></a>在程序中解析(使用)注解</h2><pre><code>1. 获取注解定义位置的对象(Class,Method,Field)
2. 获取指定的注解
    getAnnotation(class)
    
3. 调用注解中的抽象方法获取配置的属性值
</code></pre>
<p>&#x2F;**</p>
<ul>
<li><p>描述需要执行的类名,和方法名<br> *&#x2F;<br>@Target({ElementType.TYPE})<br>@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)<br>public @interface Pro {</p>
<p> String className();<br> String methodName();</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="-4"><a href="#-4" class="headerlink" title="}"></a>}</h2><p>@Pro(className &#x3D; “Note.Person”,methodName &#x3D; “eat”)<br>public class ReflectTest2 {<br>    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {<br>        &#x2F;*<br>            前提: 不能改变该类的任何代码,传统方法没有意义<br>         *&#x2F;</p>
<pre><code>    //1.解析注解
    //1.1 获取该类的字节码文件对象
    Class&lt;ReflectTest2&gt; reflectTest2Class = ReflectTest2.class;
    //1.2 获取上面的注解
    //其实就是在内存中生成了一个该注解接口的子类实现对象
    /**
     * 就相当于
     * public class ProImpl implements Pro&#123;
     * 		public String className()&#123;
     * 			return &quot;Note.Person&quot;
     * 		&#125;
     * 		public String methodName()&#123;
     * 			return &quot;eat&quot;
     * 		&#125;
     * 	&#125;
     */
    Pro annotation = reflectTest2Class.getAnnotation(Pro.class);
    //1.3 调用注解对象中定义的抽象方法,获取返回值
    String className = annotation.className();
    String methodName = annotation.methodName();
</code></pre>
<p>&#x2F;&#x2F;		System.out.println(className);&#x2F;&#x2F;Note.Person<br>&#x2F;&#x2F;		System.out.println(methodName);&#x2F;&#x2F;eat</p>
<pre><code>    //3. 加载该类进内存
    Class cls = Class.forName(className);
    //4. 创建对象
    Object obj = cls.newInstance();
    //5. 获取方法对象
    Method method = cls.getMethod(methodName);
    //执行方法
    method.invoke(obj);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="注解案例"><a href="#注解案例" class="headerlink" title="注解案例"></a>注解案例</h2><p>&#x2F;*<br>    小明定义的计算器类<br> *&#x2F;<br>public class MingCalculator {</p>
<pre><code>//加法
@Check
public void add()&#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;1 + 0 =&quot; + (1 + 0));
&#125;

//减法
@Check
public void sub()&#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;1 - 0 =&quot; + (1 - 0));
&#125;

//乘法
@Check
public void mul()&#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;1 * 0 =&quot; + (1 * 0));
&#125;

//除法
@Check
public void div()&#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;1 / 0 =&quot; + (1 / 0));
&#125;

public void show()&#123;
    System.out.println(&quot;永无bug&quot;);
&#125;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="-5"><a href="#-5" class="headerlink" title="}"></a>}</h2><p>@Target(ElementType.METHOD)<br>@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)<br>public @interface Check {<br>}</p>
<hr>
<p>&#x2F;*<br>    简单的测试框架<br>    当主方法执行后,会自动执行被检测的所有方法<br> *&#x2F;<br>public class TestCheck {</p>
<pre><code>public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException &#123;
    //1. 创建计算器对象
    MingCalculator c = new MingCalculator();
    //2. 获取字节码文件对象
    Class cls = c.getClass();
    //3. 获取所有方法
    Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();

    int number = 0;//出现异常的次数
    BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(&quot;bug.txt&quot;));
    for (Method method : methods) &#123;
        //4. 判断方法上是否有Check注解
        if(method.isAnnotationPresent(Check.class))&#123;
            //5. 有就执行
            try &#123;
                method.invoke(c);
            &#125; catch (Exception e) &#123;
                //6. 捕获异常
                //记录到文件中
                number++;
                bw.write(method.getName()+&quot;方法出异常了&quot;);
                bw.newLine();
                bw.write(&quot;异常的名称:&quot;+e.getCause().getClass().getSimpleName());
                bw.newLine();
                bw.write(&quot;异常的原因:&quot;+ e.getCause().getMessage());
                bw.newLine();
                bw.write(&quot;-------------------&quot;);
                bw.newLine();

            &#125;
        &#125;
    &#125;

    bw.write(&quot;本次测试一共出现&quot;+number+&quot;次异常&quot;);

    bw.flush();
    bw.close();
&#125;
</code></pre>
<p>}</p>
<hr>
<p>小结:</p>
<ol>
<li>以后大多数时候,我们会使用注解,而不是自定义注解</li>
<li>注解给谁用? <ol>
<li>编译器</li>
<li>给解析程序用</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>注解不是程序的一部分,可以理解为注解就是一个标签</li>
</ol>

                
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